FRAUD THROUGH ONLINE BUYING AND SALES AS REVIEWED FROM THE CIVIL CODE IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Innovations in information technology have accelerated the expansion of e-commerce in Indonesia while simultaneously giving rise to legal issues, particularly related to e-commerce fraud in business transactions. With an emphasis on torts and breach of contract, this study aims to investigate fraudulent behavior in online transactions from a civil law perspective. Drawing on legal frameworks including the Indonesian Criminal Code, the Consumer Protection Law, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the analysis uses a normative legal approach and is supported by relevant scholarly sources. The results show that inadequate digital data verification and a lack of mutual consent and trust in online contracts are often the main causes of online fraud. These actions can violate contracts and the law, which can lead to civil liability. Furthermore, effective consumer protection is difficult due to legal differences. This study demonstrates that normative changes are crucial to align conventional civil law criteria with the reality of online transactions, emphasizing the need for improved verification methods and clearer accountability. The study also suggests establishing specific guidelines for verifying digital evidence and increasing public awareness of the law to provide justice and legal assurance in the digital economy era.